We are regularly contacted by people who think they have found valuable, edible truffles. While some have successfully found them, many have actually found “truffle look-alikes”, usually, other types of fungi that have a passing resemblance to truffles. As well as fungi, these look-alikes may be plant galls or tubers. These truffle look-alikes should not be eaten as many will cause stomach upsets. Some people have found truffles, though they could be species that are not eaten. We are happy to confirm ID – see the “Found truffles in your garden?” page for details. Below the look-alikes are divided into those that look like black truffles and then white truffles.
Black Truffle “Look-alikes”
Cramp Balls or King Alfred’s Cakes
If what you have found is black (or pinkish-brown on younger ones) and:
- Growing on an ash tree (above the ground)
- When cut in half shows concentric circles
it is probably a type of fungus – a Cramp Ball or King Alfred’s Cake – do not eat!
Slime Truffles
Of the many types of truffle-like fungi which are often mistaken for them, are those of the genus Melanogaster. This name is from the Latin words for “Black” and “Stomach”! Internally they are almost marbled but the consistency is of jelly, not solid like a true truffle. They do not have the characteristic aroma and value of truffles, although some have been used culinary. None are known to be poisonous. Four or five species are known from the UK. The Bath Truffle was formerly eaten and sold in markets. One writer said in 1884 of the Stinking Slime Truffle, “a single specimen in a room is so strong as to make it scarcely habitable” !!
Dead Man’s Fingers
A 2018 news web site headline Rare TRUFFLES are growing near an Exeter supermarket grabbed my attention, however, a very quick glance at the photo told me they had got it very wrong. Fairly common inedible fungus found near an Exeter Supermarket or Rare TRUFFLES are NOT growing near an Exeter supermarket would have been more accurate.
The finder told the paper “Quite frankly, when I saw it I knew what it was straight away,” she explained and “When I told friends, no one seemed to believe me! I broke off a piece to show them.”
They were actually rather dry Dead Man’s Fingers which are usually found on beech stumps or pieces of wood that are partially buried in the soil. Below is a better photo of some fresher ones.
Plant Galls
If what you have found is on the roots of a tree it may be a plant gall. The most well known plant gall is the oak apple. Plant galls are abnormal growths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumours or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Many are found underground. Some may be black in colour, others lighter (see white truffles section below). The majority of reports of black truffle finds that are look-alikes are of these.
The above and below photos show Alder root nodule galls, a type of plant gall found on the roots of a Alder tree usually near a stream or river.
Plant Tubers
Botanically, there are four main categories of plant bulb, one being a tuber. A potato is one example of a tuber. The below is a Cyclamen tuber.
This, we believe, is another plant tuber.
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White Truffle “Look-alikes”
Earthballs
Earthballs look a little like a warty potato. They are fungi found on acid soils (e.g. wooded heathlands). They vary in colour from light brown to brown and usually have a yellow tinge. If you cut a mature specimen in half, it will be made of a black powder (the spores). An immature one will be white inside. An Earthball will give a stomach upset if eaten. You can see more images / learn more about the Earthball. We get more reports of these truffle look-alikes than anything else.
Stinkhorns
You wouldn’t confuse a fully-grown Stinkhorn fungus with a truffle. Their “phallic” appearance and foul-smell are very distinctive. At their immature stage they are a gelatinous, spherical, or egg-shaped structure which is completely or partially buried underground so finders can confuse them with truffles.
Veined Choiromyces
These are a comparatively common underground fungus that is widespread in England associated with deciduous trees but can be found with conifers. Veined Choiromyces (Choiromyces meandriformis) are often irregularly shaped and can protrude through the ground surface and get quite big. Found in areas with acid soils they prefer clay. Sometimes confused with The Italian White Truffle (Tuber magnatum), their texture, aroma and flavour are completely different. The skin is smooth and white to yellowish brown and the inner is closely marbled of the same colours as the skin but with white veins. The smell is strong, aromatic at first, becoming unpleasant with age. The similarity with Italian White truffles has been exploited – these look-alikes have been fraudulently sold as them!
They should not be eaten as they reputedly cause stomach upsets.
Plant Galls
Plant galls can be black or lighter in colour so have been confused with both black and white truffles. Black plant galls are shown (and introduced) above, lighter coloured ones here. The first one shown may be the truffle gall named because of the similarity of it’s skin to that of certain species of truffle. It is caused by The truffle gall wasp (Andricus quercusradicis) and was found on the roots of an English oak tree.
Below is another plant gall that was confused with a truffle. This one was found growing in a hedge above ground. It is a Crown gall.
Thank you to the finders of these truffle look-alikes for permission to use their photographs.